e-Collaboration is the use of electronic tools to share data between different users and companies. The most widespread tool is e-mail. Other popular tools include instant messaging and online chat, video conferencing, online meetings and shared document systems / groupware.

Some trading exchanges offer e-collaboration systems that can be used to share documents, drawings, specifications and plans. They include configuration and version control, approval routing, discussion boards and subscription to document update notices.

View my full 20,000 word MSc dissertation from 1999 - "How can Concurrent Engineering reduce redesign in UK Electronics Companies?" including reference to the use of technology as a substitute for colocation. A short version is also available.